Wednesday, April 8, 2009

4/8 notes Period 4

MEXICO
there are many ways we can compare Mexico with the countries we have already studied: their revolutions, colonial history, one party rule, dual transition, being a major producer of oil
not being a rentier state
HISTORY
strong influenced by colonial and revolutionary past
Spain dominated (1521-1821) for 300 years
they incorporate natives into a social hierarchy: 100% Spaniards, creoles, mestizos, and then native Mexican Indians
colonial economy based on the exploitation of Indian labors
INDEPENDENCE
September 16, 1810
Led by Creole priest Father Hidalgo
He was captured and killed within a year but followers were never defeated
Mexico was freed from control of Spain
Caste system modified slightly
Economy is still colonial
Political instability follows
NEW LEADERSHIP
22 years a caudillo with armed following takes control
Named Santa Anna
Lost Texas to the US
Was forced into exile in 1855
2ND REVOLUTION (1855-56)
Led by Benito Juarez
Wanted to establish a federal republic, eliminate military and clergy privileges, and create a class of small landholders
Climaxed in 1857 with a written Constitution
His party was discredited upon his return from exile
Nationalism was strengthened
Clergy economic power was weakened
Benito dies 172
1876-1911
Dictator Prifiro Diaz rules
Does a lot of good things
Builds railroads and strings telephone lines
Promotes industry
3RD REVOLUTION 1910
Initially rural/agrarian
Led by cadillos Emillo Zapata and Pancho Villa
Rallied around Francisco Madero
1911 Diaz gives up presidency and Madero is elected president
Madero wants to complete the original work of independence
His regime lasts 15months
1917 CONSTITUTION
Current constitution
Put in revolutionary reforms
Is declared law of the land

No comments: